Carburetor



May 29, 1923. 1,456,515

. G. L. REICHHELM v CARBURETOR Original Filed Feb. 18, 1918 W v f@6.

Fatented rat iaa arcaneaii' are arena.

GEORGE L. BEICHHELM, OF SHORT BEACH, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR 01F ONE-EMF T TEE, 0F SHORT BEACH, CONNECTICUT.

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Application filed February 18, 191 .8, Serial No. 217,761. Renewed October 11, 1922. ficrial lilo. create.

To all whom it my concern: Y

Be it known that I, GEORGE L. Enron.- HELM, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Short Beach,'in the county of 5 New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvevments in Carburetors, of. which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to carburetors. One of the objects of the invention is to control in an improved. manner the treatment and proportioning of the constituents of gasified oil either in a combustible or non-combustible condition.

Another object is to providea carburetor having means whereby adjustment may be made to obtain a gas of predetermined richness and whereby a constant mixture may be maintained regardless of engine speed conditions.

Another object is to provide a simple and ciiicient carburetor having various novel features, which cooperate to meet the requirements for successful commercial, operation.

Generally speaking, these and other objects are accomplished by providing in a device of the class described, the combination of a member having a passageway, air and fuel inlets associated therewith, means for controlling said inlets whereby a constant mixture may be maintained, and means for controlling the proportional supply. of air initlially and secondarily mixed with the fue The invention is illustrated on the accompanying sheet of drawings in which,

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a carburetor embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan view of 40 the same.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary detail view, showing the cooperative association of the carburetor member with an air passageway and the air control valve.

Figure 4 is a sectional view, taken in the plane of line 4-4 of Figure 3, and

Figure 5 is a sectional view, taken in the plane of line 55 of Figure 1.

The various novel features of my invention will be apparent from'the following description and drawings and will be articularly pointed out in the appended claims. It has been the practice to attempt to atomize oil mechanically,'and in cases where heat was employed all of the air passed -'mani of the engine.

through a heating element'or a heated intake old. This necessitates the expenditure of a, considerable amount of heat for warming the air, and the more the air is heated the lower will be the volumetric efliciency A great disadvantage also is presentwhen all of thenir is passed into the heating chamber with the oil spray because it is not practical to completely atomize oil mechanically and a large proportion of globules of oil are suspended in the moving stream of air and carried into the cylinder of the engine without having touched any of the heated walls and hence remain in the form of globulesJ The inefiiciency caused by these comparatively large particles of oil will be appreciated readily when it is remembered that twelve parts (byweight) of air to one part of gasoline, makes a good combustible mixture. Knowing that one pound] of air at 72 degrees F. occupies about 13.39 cubic feet and that one pound of oil occupies, not to exceed 40 cubic inches, it will be appreciated that in order to get perfect combustion it is necessary that the 40 cubic inches of oil must be distributed uniformly throughout 276,480 cubic inches of air. So far as I know no mechanical means has been discovered which will divide the 'oil intosuiiiciently fine particles to make a practically fixed gas. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to heat to accomplish the desired result.

Referring to the fi ures of the drawings, it will be noted thatl have provided a carburetor having a main body member, preferably with angularly arranged portions 10 and 11 providing a passageway 12. Project ing into one side of the portion 10 is a fuel or oil conveying conduit 13 provided at its inner end with a downwardly extending nozzle 14, the fuel passageway therein being controlled 'by a valve 15, connected to astem 16, to the up er end of which is se-. cured a. lever 17. e valve 15 is screw: threaded within the nozzle so that upon rotation' of the stem 16, the valveis opened new or closed agiven amount according to the direction of movement and the extent there.-

of. The supply of fuel or oil to the valve nozzle 14 is controlled by another valve 18 having a stem 19 tenninating at its upper end in a head 20, the valve 18-being pressed downwardly into or toward its closed pOSl'. tion by a spring 21, one end of which is supporting bracket 22,

' extends.

valve 18 operated,

secured to thevvalve stem 19 and the other end of which engages the under side of a provided with an 23 through which the valve stem 19 The valve 18 forms a positive closure against a flow of oil when the earburetor is not in use so that the valve 15 may be saved from wear by closing it, thus maintaining like flow of oil at like positions of the oil control levers.

For supplying air to the carbpretor, one portion 10 thereof is provided with a relatively large opening 24, this opening being controlled by a hollow cylindrical valve 25, having a corresponding opening 26 and being connected to a disk 27, connected to a sleeve 28 loosely surrounding the valve stem 16 and extending upwardly through an opening 29 in the carburetor casting and terminating in a'sector rests upon an upper finished portion of the bracket 22. One corner of is provided with a cam portion 31, which is adapted to move under the valve stem collar 20 for raising the valve 18 to permit oil to pass from any suitable source of supply 32 toward the valve 15, it being noted that the opening of the valve 18 is controlled by the opening of the air control valve 25.

The oil control valve 15 and the air control valve 25 are' operatively connected by members including a linkI33, one end of which is pivotally connected to the lever 30 and the other end of which is pivotally connected to an idler arm 34, pivotally connected to a stud 35. Mounted upon this idler arm 34 is a screw 36, upon which is movable a travelling nut 37 to which is operatively connected one end of a link 38, the other end of which is pivotally connected to the arm 17. It is apparent. therefore, that when the sector lever 30 is actuated through the agency of its operating rod 39. that not only is the air valve 25 and the fuel but also the fuel valve 15 is operated accordingly. If it is desired that the supply of oil be' increased or decreased with respect to the supply of air, the screw 36 may be other for changing the adjustment of the valve 15.

Connected to and extending downwardly from the carburetor portion 10. is a conduit 40 preferably of U shape; however, it may be of'any curved shape. One extremity opening of this conduit 40 is secured to the lower part of the carburetor portion 10 to form a downward extension of the air admission passageway and the other extremity of the conduit 40 extends into the portion 11 of the carburetor. In order to vaporize the oil which is sprayed from the downwardly extending valve controlled nozzle 14 into the conduit 40, the latter must be maintained at a temperature sufliciently high to vaporize ably arranged to cause not entlrely' shaft lever 30, which this segment 30- turned one way or the such fuel. To accomplish this result under starting conditions, I have provided an electric heating vcoil 41, which is wound around the conduit 40 for heating the latter. The coil 41 may be connected to any suitable source of'current supply and otherwise suit the transmission of the current therethroug'h. 40 is partially enclosed by a U ing conduit 42,.through which gases may pass, the opening 43 opening44 It will be noted that theconduit 40 ,issoinewhat flattened (see Fig. 5) so that the maximum amount of heated surface may be provided, whereby the oil may come into intimate contact therewith to asshaped heatsist in vaporizing the oil and the gas.

hot exhaust said gases entering through and passing out through Also the conduit There is a decided advantage in having the oil sprayed down over a curved hot surface, such as conduit 40 for example, for the reason that the spray is projected against a relatively larger area than would be the case of-a flat straight surface and also in my arrangement the formed gas rolls along and absorbs more heat than if projected at right angles,

case the gas immediately rebounds.

As hereinabove mentioned the. efficiency of the engine is reduced when all of the air entering the same is in a hot condition, due'tothe fact that the volume of the gas is considerably increased over what it should be for a given eifectivecharge. -T0 overcome this disadvantage and to heat only the necessary amount of air to be mixed initiall with the oil during the vaporizing stage thereof, 1 have arranged the disk 27 on the sleeve 28in a manner to divide the supply of air which enters through the air inlet opening 24 in. the portion 10 of the carbu retor. Air entering the portion 10 of the carburetor below the disk 27 flows past the fuel nozzle 14 and carrieswith it oil passing from the nozzle. This air and oil passes down into the heated conduit 40 wherein the heated surface of the. conduit 40 and are vaporized, the air being heated the desired amount and the resultant gas becoming substantially fixed. whereupon it passes out of the heated conduit 40 into the passageway 12 in the upper portion 11 of the carburetor wherein the gas is mixed with relatively cold air, which enters the carburetor at the air admission opening 24, above the disk 27, the resulting mixture passing out of the carburetor into the engine, where the explosive mixture is compressed, ignited. and expands for doing the work. The cold airpassing through the passageway 12 has an injector action upon the gas drawn through the com duit 40. If desired, the conduit 40 may be of such length or shape to cause the gas issuing therefrom to be completely dry. My

in which latter globules of oil come into contact with the I macaw device may be used in connection with a furnace if desired, in which event the gas preferably should be fixed or dry. This can be done in various ways, including the heating of the oil spray to a sufficiently high temperature as in so called water gas.

The disk 27 is vertically slidably mounted upon the sleeve 28 whereby the amount of air passing through the heated conduit 40 and upwardly through the passageway 12-, may be varied at will either manually or automatically in connection with engine operating conditions. This vertically movable dividing disk which controls the proportion of air entering the upper and lower chainbers may be moved to such a position that a non-combustible mixture will be provided. In practice it has been found that a good non-combustible mixture will be made with air in the proportion of 4 to 5 to one of oil (by weight). The various oils, alcohol or the like do not require the same ratio and therefore, the disk. 27 is connected to thesleeve 28 in a manner such that it may beraised or lowered to suit any desired-conditions. But the principal function of the disk 27 is to serve the purpose of'diverting by far the greater amount of air through the upper passage and-prevent any more air than is necessary to pass through the heating conduit 40. The advantages of this are to economize in heat, especially when starting, maintain at a minimum the volume of air which goes to make up the gas, and to maintain the greatest temperature difference between the metal surface of the heated conduit and the spray with the least expense of heat and the least sacrifice to the volumetric efficiency. Still another advantage of passing the least possible amount of air through I the heating conduit 40, is to minimize the velocity of air passing therethrough. thereby subjecting the conduit to the least cooling effect, it being appreciated that'if 50 to 7 5% of the air passes to the engine cylinder unheated. thev balance of the air can be passed through the heating conduit at a lower velocity than would otherwise be the case. If the oil spray is moving in a stream of air, the greater the proportion of air, the greater will be the proportion of oil globules carried in this stream and the less likelihood of the globules striking the heated surface. Under such conditions it is apparent that when globules of oil are surrounded by a large quantity of air, many of them escapeunheated. But with the possibility of dividing the volume of air so that the smallest possible amount necessary for gasification is led to the heated element and this heated element made with a sufficiently large section, it is possible to move the air which goes to make up the gas with the lowest velocity and hence give the particles of oil having the greatest specific gravity more time to be changes in altitude and temperature conditions.

produced by projecting the oil onto the sur- In view of the fact that a fixed gas can be face of the heated conduit 40, said conduit may be of considerable length. Said conduit may be connected to the cold air conduit at or near the point where combustion is desired without in any manner reducing the effectiveness of the combustible mixture. Also by means of this arrangement it will be noted that a non-combustible gas can be made in the conduit 40 and the air needed for combustion taken through the air passageway 12. In this connection it may be stated that there is no possibility of back firing back at the point where the gas conway 12.

By means of this arrangement also it will be seen. that no oil is fed to the nozzle 14 unless the valve 18 is opened and then only the amount which is required. This valve 18 automatically closes in a positive manner when the air valve 25 and the fuel valve 15 are moved toward closed position. There need be no storage of oil or gasoline near the carburetor. It is in fact, a floatless carburetor; it may be furnished with a float tank at the option of the user.

There may be various modifications of my invention as hereinabove particularly shown and described and it is my intention to cover all such modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a device of the class described, the combination of a member having a passageway, air and fuel inlets associated therewith, means for controlling said inlets whereby a constant mlxture may be maintamed, said air inlet comprlsing means for dividing the incoming air for initially and a fuel supply conduit. and valves for said inlets and for said fuel'supply conduit interconnected for movementwhereby the valve for said fuel supply conduit is opened only after said other valves are opened.

3. In a device of the class described, a member having'a passageway, an oil inlet associated therewith, a valve controlling? said inlet, and a valve for controlling the supply of oil, said valves being connected in a, manner whereby the supply control valve is actuated after the other valve is actuated.

duit 40 joins the air conveying passage- 85 associated. therewith, a

- in a manner whereby combination 4. In a device of the ,class described, a member having a passageway, an oil inlet valve controlling said inlet, and a valve for controlling the supply of oil, said valves being connected the supply control valve is opened only after the other one is opened.

5. In a device of the class described, the

of a member having a passageway, oil supply means associated, therewith, a control valve for controlling the passage of oil into said passageway, and. another valve which positively shuts oil the supply of oil under certain predetermined conditions.

6. In a device of the class described, a

- member having a passageway, fuel and air prior to the secondary mixing.

fore same reaches supply means associated therewith, means in said passageway for dividing the flow of air for initial mixing and secondary mixing with the fuel and means for heating the initial mixture prionto the secondary mixg. In a device of the class described, a member having a passageway, fuel and air supply means associated therewith, adjustable means in said passageway for dividing air for initial and secondary mixing with the fuel and means for heating the initial mixture 8. In a device of the class described, a member having a passageway, fuel and air supply means associated therewith, and

.means in said passageway for dividing the supply of airto said passageway whereby some of the air passes in one direction to become associated with the fuel and some of which passes in an opposite direction, to be associated with said fuel at a, later stage and means for heati-n the mixture of air and fuel prior to sai later stage.

9. In a device of the class described, a member having a passageway, fuel and air supply means associated therewith, means in said pasageway for dividing the supply of air to said passageway to cause part. of said air to pass in one direction in proximity to said fuel supply means mixture of air and fuel and part of said air to mix with said admixture at a, point relatively remote from said 'fuel supply means, and means for heating said admixture besaid relatively remote point. e

10. In a device of the class described, the combination of a member having a passageway, air and oil supply means associatedtherewith, an air control valve for controlling the supply of air to said passageway, said valve being rovided with means for dividing the supp y of air to cause-part 0 said air to flow past said oil supply means to cause an initial mixture of oil and air combination of a member for an initial ad-' said oil valves whereby thesame and part of said air to flow to a point in communication with'said' initial admixture at a'point relatively remote from said oil suppl means.

11. n a device of the class described, the combination of a member having apassageway, air and oil supply means associated therewith, an air-control valve for controlling the supply of air to said passageway, and means within the valve for dividing the supply of air to causesome of the supply of air to flow past the oil supply means to cause an initial admixture of oil andair and to cause some ofsaid supply of air to communicate with said initial admixture at -a point relatively remote from said oil sup- 7 ply means;

ing the supply of air to cause "some of thesupply of air to flow past the oil supply means to cause an initial admixture of oil and air and to cause some of said supply of air to communicate with said initial admixture at a point relatively remote from said oil supply means.

13. Ina device of the class described, the

having a passageway, oil and air supply means assm-iatcd therewith, a hollow valve for controlling the supply of air, a disk mounted in said valve for controlling the direction of movement of the air, in two directions. one past said oil supply means for producing an initial admixture of oil and air and means for conducting air in another direction from said disk to a point in communication with said admixture at a point remote" from said oil supply means. 1

14. In a device of the class described, the combination of a member having a passageway, air and oil supply means associated therewith, a valve for controlling the passage of oil into said passageway, another valve for controlling the supply of oil, avalve for controlling the supply of air, a connection between said air valve and one of said oil valveswherehy the same move ip unison, and meanscontrolled valve is actuated after the other two valves have been moved a predeterminet amount.

15. In a device of theclass described, the combination of a member having a passageway, air and oil supply means associated therewith, a valve for controlling the passage of oil into said passageway, another valve forcontrolling the supply of oil, a

f valve for controlling the supply of air, a

said'airvalve and one of move in connection between air and oil supply means associated hereby the other oil emma unison, means whereby the other oil control valve is actuated after the other two valves have been moved a predetermined amount, and means mounted within said air valve for dividing the supply of air to pass'toward and away from the oil supply means in glven proportions.

16. In a device of the class described, the combination of a member having a passageway, air and oil supply means associated therewith, a valve for controlling the passage of oil into said passageway, another valve for controlling the supply of oil, a valve for controlling the supply of air, a connection between said air valve and one of said oil valves whereby the same move in unison, means whereby the other oil controlled valve is actuated after the other two valves have been moved a predetermined amount, and means for adjusting the relationship between one of said oil valves and said air valve to vary the supply of oil.

17. In a device of the class described, the combination of a member having a passageway, air and oil supply means associated therewith, a valve for controlling the passage of oil into said passageway, another valve for controlling the supply of oil, a valve for controlling the supply of air, a connection between said airvalve and one of said oil valves whereby the same move in unison, means whereby the other oil controlled valve is actuated after the other two valves have been moved a predetermined amount, means -mounted within said air valve for dividing the supply of air to pass toward and away from the oil supply means in given proportions, andmeans for adjustin one of said oil valves for varying the re ative supply of'oil. 1

Si ned at Chicago, in the county of'Cook and tate of Illinois, this 8th day of F ebruary 1918.

GEORGE L. REICHHELM. Y

Witnesses:

MILTON T. 'Mmnn, B. 0. Barnum. 

